Anemia is a common and significant complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This condition often leads to fatigue, reduced quality of life, and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The traditional treatment paradigm for anemia in CKD involves erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and intravenous iron supplementation. However, these treatments are associated with safety concerns. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative, offering a novel mechanism of action and potential clinical benefits. These agents have demonstrated efficacy in increasing hemoglobin levels in both dialysis-dependent and non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients. The convenience of oral administration is a significant advantage of HIF-PHIs, particularly for patients who may prefer to avoid frequent injections or IV iron therapy.